Nashorn

In the winter of 1941, German designers decided to utilize either Panzer III’s or Panzer IV’s chassis for anti-tank gun carrier. Since Panzer III and IV’s chassis was not suited to be a self-propelled mount, the idea of using them was rejected. Instead Alkett’s newly developed special chassis by Alkett - Geschutzwagen (gun carriage) III/IV was used. It combined components of both PzKpfw III (mainly Ausf J - engine, fuel pump, driving and steering mechanism) and PzKpfw IV (mainly Ausf F - suspension).

In February of 1942, Alkett designed new Panzerjager "Hornisse" (Hornet) armed with 88mm Pak 43/1 L/71 gun based on Geschutzwagen III/IV. The main gun was identical to the towed version of 88mm Pak 43/41 anti-tank gun, but adapted to be mounted in an armored fighting vehicle. In late 1942, Nashorn’s chassis and hull was used in the development of Hummel (Sd.Kfz.165). The engine was moved to the center and the hull was lengthened to allow adequate room and weight distribution for the long-barreled 88mm gun. Because of the gun’s great weight and the limited capacity of the chassis components, only light armor protection for the crew of 4(5) was provided.

Panzerjager Nashorn

In October of 1942, soft steel model was presented to Adolf Hitler, who accepted it and expected production to start by May of 1943.

In the early 1944, the arrangement of the driver front plate was changed during production, creating two different models. The main gun remained the powerful 88mm Pak 43/1 L/71. On February 24th (or 27th) of 1944, by Hitler’s order, second never model was named Nashorn (Rhinoceros). Hornisse and Nashorn were almost identical with the only difference being the driver front plate and gun version (unnoticeable). Despite their inadequate armor protection, they both provided the much needed mobility for the long-barreled 88mm anti-tank gun. Limited space provided in the fighting compartment allowed storage space for only 24 to 40 rounds. Hornisse and Nashorn’s crew traveled in an open-top fighting compartment with all its weather-related disadvantages. Protection against the weather could be provided by canvas covers. Both models lacked a machine gun in the hull, so single MG34 or MG42 was carried inside the fighting compartment for local defense. From February of 1943 to March of 1945, only 474 Nashorns and 20 Hornisses were produced. Both models were designed by Alkett and produced by Deutsche Eisenwerke in Tieplitz-Schonau.

Both models were issued to the schwere Panzerjager Abteilungens and had their debut during the Kursk Offensive with 560 sPzJagAbt and 655th sPzJagAbt and with 525 sPzJagAbt in Italy. Even with their light armor protection and high silhoutte but powerful armament, they proved to be successful tank destroyers.

Panzerjager Nashorn Sd. Kfz. 164

Six schwere Panzerjager Abteilungens (560, 655, 525, 93, 519 and 88), each equipped with 30 Nashorns, were created and saw service on all fronts (e.g. 525th schwere Panzerjaeger Abteilung in Italy, 1944). Each Abteilung was composed of command company and 2 to 3 companies with 4 platoons each. Each company had 14 to 17 Nashorn and each platoon had 4 to 5 Nashorns.

Eventually, Nashorns were replaced by the new generation of more powerful and better armored Panzerjagers like Jagdpanzer IV and Panzerjager V Jagdpanther but remained in service to the end of the war.

Nashorn in Action !

The most notable Nashorn ace was platoon commander of 1st company of sPzJagAbt 519, Junior Lieutenant Albert Ernst. He later commanded the 1st company of sPzJagAbt 512 (equipped with Jagdtigers). On December 23rd of 1943, he destroyed some 14 Soviet tanks in a single day using only 21 round of ammunition. The engagement took place near Vitebsk and Albert Ernst received a nickname "Tiger of Vitebsk". In December of 1943, Ernst destroyed total of 19 enemy tanks and on January 22nd of 1944, he was awarded the Knight’s Cross.

It is reported that in early March of 1945, Lieutenant Beckmann from sPzJagAbt 88 destroyed Soviet IS-2 at the range of 4600 meters near Marzdorf.

Some Nashorn crews reported that they were able to knock out Soviet T-34 tanks at distance as great as 4000 meters. Nashorn crews also reported numerous kills of KV and IS-2 tanks as well as SU-152, ISU-122 and ISU-152 assault guns. Nashorn from 2nd Company of schwere Heeres Panzer Jaeger Abteilung 93 was also responsible for the destruction of the only M26 Pershing, destroyed in Europe. Pershing from the 3rd Armored Division was knocked out at the distance of 250 meters with a single shot. This engagement took place in the town of Niehl, north of Cologne on March 6th of 1945.

Nashorn Interior Nashorn - Interior with 88mm Pak 43/1 L/71 gun.

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Glossary

A

Zugkraftwagen (Zgkw) - prime mover/semi-tracked vehicle

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GO BACK TO ACHTUNG PANZER !

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Panzerkampfwagen I
Sd. Kfz. 101

Panzerkampfwagen I Ausf B

In 1931, Major-General Oswald Lutz was appointed the "Inspector of Motor Transport" in the German Army (Reichswehr) with Heinz Guderian as his Chief of Staff. Both realized the need for creation of German Armored Forces and light training tank to train future personnel of Panzer Divisions. In 1932, specifications for light (5-ton) tank were made and issued to Rheinmetall, Krupp, Henschel, MAN and Daimler Benz. The designers work was based on experiences from co-operation with Swedish Landsverk Company and previous "secret" projects.

In 1933, the Heereswaffenamt ordered the development of Kleintraktor - an armored vehicle between 4 and 7 tons in weight. It was designated La.S (Landwirtschaftlicher Schlepper / LaS - agricultural tractor) to hide its true purpose from the Treaty of Versailles. Rheinmetall, Krupp, Henschel, MAN and Daimler Benz submitted their prototypes which were very similar to each other but Krupp’s design of Krupp-Traktor was selected.

It’s design was partially based on British Carden Loyd Mk.IV tankette chassis of which two were secretly purchased from Russia in 1932. In late 1920s and early 1930s, Germans closely co-operated with Russians in the development of armored vehicles at Kama, near Kazan in USSR. Russia purchased two Carden Loyd Mk.IV tankettes from Great Britain in 1929, and based on its design produced T-27 tankette. Krupp’s design was then once again modified and in the Summer of 1933, five LaS chassis produced were tested at Kummersdorf. It was then decided to mount Krupp’s chassis with Daimler-Benz’s superstructure and turret.

After further tests in February of 1934, improved LKA 1 (LaS) designated as PzKpfw I Ausf A entered production in April of 1934. Originally, Ausf A was known as MG Panzerwagen - Versuchkraftfahrzeug 617, before it entered production as Ausf A. In April, 15 PzKpfw I Ausf A were produced and all were presented to Adolf Hitler by Heinz Guderian.

Panzerkampfwagen I was produced in two main very similar variants Ausf A (1934) and Ausf B (1935), which had different suspensions and engines. Ausf A was produced from July of 1934 to June of 1936 , while Ausf B was produced from August of 1935 to June of 1937. Both were produced by Henschel, MAN, Krupp-Gruson and Daimler-Benz. Ausf A proved to be underpowered and its very loud 57hp Krupp engine overheated and Ausf B with its 100hp Maybach engine was an improved version of Ausf A. Both models had identical turret and superstructure but Ausf B was longer (additional roadwheel) and had new modified engine deck (new engine). Both variants were operated by two men crew - a driver and a commander/gunner. The main armament consisted of two 7.92mm MG13 Dreyse (medium) machine guns with rate of fire of 650 rounds per minute.

In 1935/36, Panzer I Ausf A was experimentally mounted with Krupp M601 diesel engine, but it could only produce 45hp of power, and the idea of diesel powered vehicle was rejected.

Krupp's L.K.A.1 (Leichte Kampfwagen Ausland) export light tank.

In 1935, Krupp started work on Leichte Kampfwagen Ausland light tank destined for export following guidelines by Waffenamt. In 1936, Krupp designed Leichte Kampfwagen Ausland, which was modelled after Panzerkampfwagen I. Two versions were to be produced: L.K.A.1 - M.G.-Kampfwagen (also known as M.G. K.A. / L-10) and L.K.A.2 - 2 cm Kampfwagen (also known as 2 cm K.A. / L-20). Krupp also designed version of L.K.A.2 with heavier armor designated 2 cm K.A.v. but it was decided to base it on medium tank m.K.A. The devopment continued until 1940, including medium tank m.K.A. (also known as 4.5cm K.A.v. / M-10) armed with 45mm KwK L/50 gun. Entire program never reached a production stage and was ended.

In 1935/36, Krupp also produced Leichte Kampfwagen B (L.K.B.) light tank for Bulgaria, which was a modified Panzerkampfwagen I Ausf B mounted with Krupp’s M 311 V-8 gasoline engine. Three modified versions - L.K.B. 1, 2 and 3 were produced along with 2 cm L.K.B. armed with 20mm automatic cannon. Just as the L.K.A program, no vehicles reached a production stage and entire program was ended.

Krupp's L.K.A.2 (Leichte Kampfwagen Ausland) export light tank

Both Ausf A and Ausf B were also produced as turretless tanks used for training purposes (PzKpfw I Ausf A ohne Aufbau) and as maintenance vehicles (PzKpfw I Ausf B ohne Aufbau). Eventually both vehicles were used as training vehicles.

In 1934, single example of PzKpfw I Ausf A was sold to Hungary. In 1942, Hungary probably purchased few more for training purposes. The most exotic user of PzKpfw I was Chiang Kai-shek’s National Government China, which purchased 15 PzKpfw I Ausf As in late 1936 (along with other German equipment). Also, it is reported that small number was exported to Finland. Possibly, PzKpfw Is also equipped Croatian Army.

Panzerkampfwagen I Ausf A on display in Spain

In the background, Italian Carro Veloce 33/35 tankette also used by Spain.
Photo provided by Dionisio Garcia Florez.

Its debut (combat test) was during Spanish Civil War (1936-38). First 32 PzKpfw I along with single Kleiner Panzer Befehlswagen I arrived in October of 1936. Only 106 tanks, (102 Ausf A, Ausf B and 4 Kleiner Panzer Befehlswagen I) saw service with "Condor Legion" (Major Ritter von Thoma’s Panzer Abteilung 88 also known as Abteilung Drohne) and General Franco’s "Nationalists". Pz.Abt.88 with its 3 companies was based at Cubas near Toledo, where German instructors trained future Spanish crews, while the unit was used for training duties and combat (e.g. assault on Madrid). Panzerkampfwagen I tanks proved to be outclassed by Soviet T-26 and BT-5 provided to "The Republicans".

Panzerkampfwagen I Ausf B on display in Spain

Photo provided by Dionisio Garcia Florez.

Some Panzerkampfwagen I captured by "The Republicans" were rearmed with French Hotchkiss 25mm Model 1934 or 1937 anti-tank guns mounted in a modified turret (PzKpfw I Ausf. A mit 20mm Flak L/65 Breda Model 1935). During Spanish Civil War, PzKpfw I Ausf B was experimentally armed with Italian 20mm Breda Modello (model) 1935 light anti-aircraft gun mounted in a modified turret, in order to increase its combat potential. Some sources state that three tanks were converted that way.

PzKpfw I Ausf B armed with 20mm Breda gun Spanish Civil War

PzKpfw Is equipped two Nationalist tank battalions (Agrupacion de Carros) - 1st and 2nd Tank Battalion. German High Command used the opportunity of the Spanish Civil War to test their new weapons and tactics of Blitzkrieg. Its very thin armor offered only protection against small firearms and its twin MGs were no match for anything other than infantry units and proved completly useless in combat.

From 1942 to 1943, all existing PzKpfw I tanks in service were converted to load carriers mounted with a large steel box in place of an removed turret and superstructure, while some only had the turrets removed. They were used as ammunition carriers and designated as Munitionsschlepper Auf Panzerkampfwagen Ia und Ib (SdKfz3III). They remained in service even after 1943.

Panzerkampfwagen I Ausf F heavily armored infantry assault tank

The vehicle was sometimes referred to as "Little Tiger".

 

Since late 1938, it was realized that Panzerkampfwagen I did not have any potential as a combat tank and further development of it into a fast reconnaissance and light infantry tank was started. Both Ausf C and Ausf F were completely new designs sharing only limited number of components with standard Panzer I Ausf B. PzKpfw I Ausf C - neuer Art (VK 601) was a fast light reconnaissance tank. It was produced by Krauss-Maffei and Daimler-Benz from late 1942 to early 1943 with only 40(46) being produced. Ausf D - neuer Art verstarkt (VK 602) was an up-armored and improved version of Ausf C produced in limited number. Panzer I Ausf F - neuer Art verstarkt (up-armored new model) (VK 1801) was a heavily armored infantry assault tank. It was produced by Daimler-Benz and Krauss-Maffei from April of 1942 to January of 1943 with only 30 being produced. In May of 1942, 5 Ausf F were issued to 1st Company of Pz.Abt.z.b.V.66 to be used originaly during invasion of Crete (Operation Herkules), but instead were sent to near Leningrad in Russia. In Russia, 1st Company of Pz.Abt.z.b.V.66 was attached to 29th Panzer Regiment of 12th Panzer Division, where they remained in small number till July of 1943. In May of 1943, 5 Ausf F were issued to 2nd Polizei Panzer Company (neu) from Vienna, which was transfered to the Eastern Front. All tanks were lost by August of 1944. In March of 1943, 2 Ausf C and 8 Ausf F were issued to 1st Panzer Regiment of 1st Panzer Division and saw service in Russia, Yugoslavia and Greece to the end of the year. Some 38 PzKpfw I Ausf C were assigned to reserve units of the LVIII Panzer Corps and ended up in Normandy, where they were lost in 1944. Ausf C/D/F never entered full production. Today, PzKpfw I Ausf F from 1st Panzer Division captured in 1943 can be seen in the Museum of Armored Forces in Kubinka (near Moscow) in Russia and second one at the Kalemagdan Fortress in Belgrade, Serbia.

PzKpfw I Ausf F

In 1939/40, 100 of PzKpfw I Ausf A/B were converted into Ladungsleger I (Ladungsleger auf Panzerkampfwagen I Ausf A or B / zerstorerpanzer) - 50kg explosive charge layer vehicle. Two variants existed and differed only in the equipment used for the delivery of the charge. They were especially designed for engineer units to provide them with the charge carrier for delayed action explosives and saw combat service during the Blitzkrieg in the West (e.g. with 7th Panzer Division) and then some in Russia.

Ladungsleger I from 7th Panzer Division

The most interesting conversion based on modified PzKpfw I Ausf A was Flakpanzer I (Sd.Kfz.101) armed with 20mm Flak 38 L/112.5 gun. It was mostlikely based on modified Munitionsschlepper I Ausf A (Sd.Kfz.111) - light ammunition carrier. The gun was mounted on the floor in place of the original turret. The chassis was overloaded and engines were used up leading to poor performance. Approximately, 24 were produced in early 1941 by Alkett in Berlin and all equipped three batteries (each equipped with 8 vehicles) of 614th Flak Abteilung. In addition, each battery had 8 Munitionsschlepper I Ausf A (Sd.Kfz.111) ammunition carriers. Last of those interesting conversions was lost at Stalingrad in January of 1943. Along with Flakpanzer I, there was also PzKpfw I modified and mounted with 15mm MG 151/15 Drilling heavy machine gun. It was captured on the Eastern Front in 1943.

Flakpanzer I, 614th Flak Abteilung, January 1942, Ukraine

Panzer I was extensively used in pre-war maneuvers and propaganda events (e.g. Nuremberg Rallies) and then during Polish, Western European and African Campaigns. PzKpfw I was the main tank of the German army during the Polish Campaign and some 1445 were in service (approx. 50% of all tanks in service). PzKpfw Is which were sent to Africa were equipped with larger filters and were equipped with improved ventilation system.

During African campaign, small number of Panzerkampfwagen I Ausf As was converted in the field by Africa Korps (5th Light Division) during Battle of Tobruk in 1941 into Flammenwerfer auf Panzerkampfwagen I Ausf A (a similar conversion was done to Ausf Bs during Spanish Civil War). It was armed with light portable infantry Flammenwerfer (flamethrower model) 40 and MG (in place of right hand machine gun). Some 10 to 12 bursts could be fired with a range of 25m.

 

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Variants of Panzerkampfwagen I (Sd.Kfz.101)
Ausf A (July 1934 - June 1936)	2 x MG13 Dreyse (7.92mm), 57hp Krupp M305 (Boxer) engine, 4 road wheels & 3 return rollers.
Ausf B (August 1935 - June 1937)	2 x MG13 Dreyse (7.92mm), 100hp Maybach NL 38 TR engine, 5 road wheels & 4 return rollers. lengthened and redesigned rear hull.
Ausf A/B (1935-1937) Befehlswagen/Command Tank	1 x MG13 Dreyse or MG34 (7.92mm), 57hp Krupp M305 (Boxer) engine - Ausf A, 100hp Maybach NL 38 TR engine - Ausf B, 4 road wheels & 3 return rollers - Ausf A, 5 road wheels & 4 return rollers - Ausf B.
Ausf C (nA) (July 1942 - December 1942)	20mm EW141 gun / MG34 (7.92mm) 150hp Maybach HL 45 P engine, fast reconnaissance tank, airborne tank (Messerschmitt ME 321 Gigant).
Ausf D (nA verst) (1942-1943)	20mm EW141 gun / MG34 (7.92mm) 180hp Maybach HL 66 P engine, up-armored fast reconnaissance / infantry support tank.
Ausf F (nA verst) (April 1942 - January 1943)	2 x MG34 (7.92mm) 150hp Maybach HL 45 P engine, up-armored fast reconnaissance / infantry support / assault tank.

 

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Panzerkampfwagen I Ausf C

Panzerkampfwagen I was a little tank that was designed as light training tank for the pre-war Panzer Divisions never intended to be be used in combat conditions but was used as a light combat tank until 1942. It was cheap, fast and maneuverable but its armor and armament were both very weak, because of its original design capabilities. It was Germany’s first mass produced armored fighting vehicle. In the early 1942, Panzerkampfwagen Is were taken out of service and were handed over to the Police and Anti-partisan units. Panzer Is without superstructures were handed over to para-military organizations such as NSKK (National Socialist Motor Corps) for training purposes. 511 of PzKpfw I turrets were used in fortifications of Atlantic Wall, Pomeranian Wall and in the Kostrzyn area.

PzKpfw I was also a propaganda tool being everywhere from military parade through NSDAP rally to celebration of any kind. It was a show piece of the Third Reich and its military might in the years leading to beginning of WWII.

Lesson learned from Panzerkampfwagen I provided the German designers and manufacturers with valuable experience in designing and producing next generation of new panzers that were soon to come. Although, Panzerkampfwagen I was not truly valuable combat tank, it proved to be an excellent training tank and most of the panzer crews were trained on Panzerkampfwagen I until the end of the war or operated it in combat as their first armoured vehicle.

 

Model:	Production Period:	Number of PzKpfw I Produced:
Ausf A	1934-1936	818
Ausf B	1935-1937	675
Ausf C (VK 601)	1942-1943	40
Ausf D (VK 602)	1942-1943	prototype stage
Ausf F (VK 1801)	1942-1943	30

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Panzer-Befehlswagen I Ausf B

Kleiner Panzer Befehlswagen I (Sd.Kfz.265)

This small/light command vehicle was conceived in 1935 by Krupp and was based on Panzer I Ausf B chassis (only 6 were based on Panzer I Ausf A chassis / 1 Kl A / and differed from those based on Ausf B - e.g. lack of armament) and components. From 1935 to 1937 by Daimler-Benz with total number of 190 produced. Two slightly different versions based on Ausf B were produced - 2 Kl B and 3 Kl B, both mounted with two radios - Fu2 and Fu6. They were operated by three men crews. Versions based on Ausf B were later fitted with commander’s cupolas - two types early and late. After the Polish Campaign of 1939, some number was converted to Sanitatskraftwagen I (Sd.Kfz.265) - armoured ambulance, which served in the French Campaign of 1940. Also after the Polish Campaign overall armor protection was increased. Kleiner Panzer Befehlswagen I remained in service until 1941/42, when it was replaced by other command vehicles. Some were also used as radio control vehicles for Minenraeum-Wagen BI/BII (Sd.Kfz.300). Small number was also exported to Hungary. Today, Kleiner Panzer Befehlswagen I can be seen in The Tank Museum in Bovington, UK.

Panzer-Befehlswagen I Ausf B - Gallery

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Panzerjager I (Sd.Kfz.101)(4.7cm PaK(t) (Sf) auf Panzerkampfwagen I Ausf B)

It was armed with Czech 47mm Pak(t) 36 L/43.4 (Skoda 47mm A-5 P.U.V vz.36 gun), operated by the crew of three and build on PzKpfw I Ausf B’s chassis. Crew was protected only by a gun shield, open at the top and rear. The gun had limited traverse of 15 degrees. 86 rounds of ammunition were carried. Originally, it was intended to use 50mm Pak 38 gun but it was not yet ready for production. From March 1940 to February 1941, 202 were converted by Daimler-Benz, Skoda and Alkett. 132 were produced in three series (40, 50 and 42) from March to May of 1940 by Alkett, followed by 70 produced by February of 1941 by Skoda. Two versions can be distinguished by the number of sides of the gun shield. Those produced by Skoda had seven sides and by Alkett five sides. Small number was also armed with 37mm Pak 35/36 L/45 (with original gun shield) guns mounted directly on the hull in place of a removed turret. They proved inefective and rapidly disappeared because of their inadequate fire power, although some remained in service as late as 1943. Panzerjager I saw service in the West, North Africa and Russia with Panzerjager Abteilungs (e.g. 521st, 605th, 616th, 643rd and 670th Panzerjaeger Abteilung in France, 1940). It is reported that few were armed with 50mm PaK 38 L/60 guns after 1940, but it is not confirmed. It was the first of many self-propelled anti-tank vehicles produced during the war.

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Sturmpanzer I Bison (Sd.Kfz.101)

(15cm sIG33(Sf) auf Panzerkampfwagen I Ausf B)

150mm sIG 33 L/11.4 heavy infantry gun (mortar) carrier was built on the unmodified chassis of PzKpfw I Ausf B. The vehicle was operated by the crew of five and only three rounds of high-explosive ammunition were carried. Only 3 crewmen rode in the vehicle, while the other two along with more ammunition rode in a halftrack. Crew was protected only by a large box-shaped gun shield (made up of three 10mm plates), open at the top and rear. Only 38 were converted in January/February of 1940 by Alkett in Berlin. The gun and superstructure overloaded the chassis leading to poor mobility. The idea behind this vehicle was to provide infantry with direct and mobile fire support unit. Sturmpanzer I saw service in the West, Balkans and Russia with 701-706 sIG(Sf) Kompanien - Heavy Infantry Gun Companies (each had 6 vehicles), originally attached to Panzer Divisions and then Panzer Corps. Last of them were taken out from service (with 704 Company of 5th Panzer Division) in late 1943. It was the first of many self-propelled support vehicles produced during the war.

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Specifications

Model:	Ausfuhrung A	Ausfuhrung B
Weight:	5300kg	5900kg
Crew:	2 men	2 men
Engine:	Krupp M305 (Boxer) / 4-cylinder / 57hp	Maybach NL38TR / 6-cylinder / 100hp
Speed:	37km/h	40km/h
Range:	Road: 145km / Cross-Country: 100km	Road: 170km / Cross-Country: 115km
Fuel Capacity:	144 litres	146 litres
Lenght:	4.02m	4.42m
Width:	2.06m	2.06m
Height:	1.72m	1.72m
Armament:	2 x MG13 Dreyse (7.92mm)	2 x MG13 Dreyse (7.92mm)
Ammo:	2250 rounds	2250 rounds
Armor (mm/angle):	Front Turret: 13/10 Front Upper Hull: 13/22 Front Lower Hull: 13/27 Side Turret: 13/22 Side Upper Hull: 13/22 Side Lower Hull: 13/0 Rear Turret: 13/22 Rear Upper Hull: 13/17 Rear Lower Hull: 13/15 Turret Top / Bottom: 8/82 Upper Hull Top / Bottom: 6/82 Lower Hull Top / Bottom: 6/90 Gun Mantlet: 13/round	Front Turret: 13/10 Front Upper Hull: 13/22 Front Lower Hull: 13/27 Side Turret: 13/22 Side Upper Hull: 13/22 Side Lower Hull: 13/0 Rear Turret: 13/22 Rear Upper Hull: 13/0 Rear Lower Hull: 13/19 Turret Top / Bottom: 8/82 Upper Hull Top / Bottom: 6/83 Lower Hull Top / Bottom: 6/90 Gun Mantlet: 13/round

 

Conversions

Munitionsschlepper I Ausf A (Sd.Kfz.111) - light ammunition carrier,

Munitionsschlepper I Ausf A/B - cargo/ammunition carrier,

Kleine Panzer Befehlswagen I (Sd.Kfz.265) - light command tank,

Sanitatskraftwagen I (Sd.Kfz.265) - armoured ambulance,

Pionier-Kampfwagen I - engineer tank,

Panzerjager I (Sd.Kfz.101) - 47mm Pak gun carrier,

Panzerjager I - 37mm Pak gun carrier,

Sturmpanzer I Bison (Sd.Kfz.101) - 150mm sIG 33 gun carrier,

Leichte Bergepanzer I - light recovery vehicle,

Instandsetzungstrupp I - troop carrier / recovery vehicle,

Fahreschulewagen / Schulfahrzeuge I - training tank,

Ladungsleger auf PzKpfw I Ausf A/B (zerstorerpanzer) - explosive charge layer,

Minenraumer I Ausf B - mine clearing vehicle (50 produced in 1938),

Brueckenleger I auf PzKpfw I Ausf A - light bridging vehicle (2 produced in 1939),

Flakpanzer I Ausf A (Sd.Kfz.101) - 20mm Flak 38 anti-aircraft tank,

Flammemwerfer auf PzKpfw I Ausf A - flamethrower tank,

 

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GO BACK !

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George Parada
Copyright@1996-2007

Panzer IV Ausf D

PzKpfw IV Ausf D from 5th company of 2nd Panzer Division
in Semois on May 12th of 1940.

The idea of the tank with all of the characteristics later incorporated in the development of Panzerkampfwagen IV was originally laid down in the early 1930 by Heinz Guderian. In 1934/35, Adolf Hitler ordered Krupp and Rheinmetall-Borsig (and MAN) to develop BW (Begleitwagen) vehicle. Specifications required overall weight to be 18 ton, top speed of 35km/h and 75mm gun as main armament. All companies produced prototypes, which in 1935/36 were tested under various conditions. Rheinmetall-Borsig BW - VK2001(Rh) used Neubaufahrzeug’s modified running gear, while Krupp’s BW - VK2001(K) and Maschinenfabrik Augsburg-Nurnberg AG’s VK2002(MAN) both used MAN’s newly designed running gear. MAN designed new interleaved suspension system but it was not accepted. Krupp concentrated on the development of the turret while MAN worked on the running gear - VK 2001(MAN). All vehicles had similar characteristics but after extensive tests Krupp’s design - VK 2001(K) was selected to enter full-scale production.

Rheinmetall-Borsig's Prototype.

VK 2001(Rh) - Rheinmetall-Borsig’s Prototype.

In 1935, Krupp after receiving order to produce its design, modified it by incorporating best features of existing designs. After further tests, Krupp was ready to start the production of Panzer IV Ausf A (Versuchkraftfahrzeug 622). The new vehicle featured suspension system composed of drive sprocket, idler and 8 road-wheels on each side of the hull that were paired together in 4 assemblies on each side of the hull. The assemblies were attached to longitudinal twin quarter-elliptic leaf springs bolted to the hull.Above the road-wheels were 4 (reduced to 3 in Ausf J) return rollers on each side of the hull. The vehicle was operated by five men crew composed of commander, gunner and loader in the turret and driver along with machine gunner / radio-operator in the front part of the hull. The communication between the crew was by the use of the intercom.First Panzerkampfwagen IV Ausf A was built in October of 1937 by Krupp-Gruson and its production ended in March of 1938 with total of 35 produced. Ausf As were production / development prototypes and 5 were used for further testing while 30 saw combat service until 1941. In April of 1938, Ausf B was produced by Krupp-Gruson and until September of 1938, 42 were produced. Ausf Bs entered service in 1938 and served until late 1943. It featured modified turret and new one-piece front hull plate.

Ausf A was powered by Maybach HL 108 TR, 12 cylinder engine with total power of 300hp with ZF SRG75 5-speed transmission, while Ausf B was powered by Maybach HL 120 TR, 12 cylinder engine with total power of 300hp with ZF SSG75 6-speed transmission. In October of 1938, further development of PzKpfw IV evolved into Ausf C and until August of 1939, 134 produced by Krupp-Gruson. Some Ausf Cs remained in service until 1943. Late Ausf C models were powered by newer Maybach HL 120 TRM, 12 cylinder engine with total power of 300hp. This engine became a standard powerplant for all of the later models of Panzerkampfwagen IV series.

Panzer IV Ausf A

Panzerkampfwagen IV Ausf A.

Overall early models (Ausf A/B/C) were development models and were mostly used for testing / training purposes while some were used in combat. In October of 1939, next variant Ausf D was produced by Krupp-Gruson and it was produced until May of 1941 with total of 229 produced. Panzer IV Ausf D was truly the first production model and remained in service until 1944. It featured new front hull plate design (as Ausf A) and new external gun mantlet.

In September of 1940, 233 of Panzerkampfwagen IV’s next variant Ausf E were produced by Krupp-Gruson until April of 1941. Ausf E was the first of Panzerkampfwagen IV fitted with turret mounted storage bins (Gepack Kasten).Very common were the canister/storage racks mounted at the rear of the hull.It featured new design driver’s visor, drive sprocket and commander’s cupola.

Hungarian Panzer IV

Hungarian Panzerkampfwagen IV Ausf F(F1).
Photo provided by Dmitry Pyatakhin.

From mid 1937 to late 1940, attempts were made by Krupp and Daimler-Benz to standardize the production of Panzerkampfwagen III and Panzerkampfwagen IV (from Ausf C to Ausf E) and one prototype based on Panzer IV Ausf E with new large roadwheels and FAMO suspension was produced - PzKpfw IV Ausf E mit Schachtellaufwerk.

From April of 1941 to March of 1942, 487 of another variant Ausf F1(F) were producedby Krupp-Gruson along with Vomag and Nibelungenwerke. Ausf F1 was the last of Panzerkampfwagen IVs based on the short version chassis and armed with 75mm L/24 gun. In March of 1942, 25 of Ausf F1s were later converted to Ausf F2s. Ausf F also featured new turret design, drive sprocket and idler. Ausf F was also fitted with 400mm wide tracks instead of old 360mm wide one.Overall, Panzerkampfwagen IV Ausf A to F1 were designated Sd.Kfz.161 and were all armed with short 75mm KwK 37 L/24 gun.

North Africa

Panzerkampfwagen IV Ausf F2 in North Africa.

In March of 1942, next variant Ausf F2 was produced, followed by Ausf G in May.Current research shows that in reality designation Ausf F2 was not used whendescribing Ausf F armed with 75mm L/43 gun and instead tanks known as Ausf F2 were in fact early Ausf G tanks.Ausf F2 and Ausf G variants were based on the long version PzKpfw IV chassis and were armed with newer 75mm KwK 40 L/43 gun (that was able to compete with Soviet T-34s armed with 76.2mm gun). When encountered in North Africa, British nicknamed Ausf F2 (early Ausf G) - "Mark IV Special", since it was superior to any American or British tank at the time. The installation of the new gun increased the overall weight of the tank and reduced its speed.Both Ausf F(F1) and Ausf F2 were identical except for their armament.Ausf F2’s new 75mm L/43 gun was mounted with single baffle muzzle brake.

Panzer IV Ausf F2

Panzerkampfwagen IV (Special) Ausf F2
Panzer Grenadier Division "Grossdeutschland", Eastern Front, Summer of 1942.

Panzerkampfwagen IVs, which were sent to North Africa (1941-43), were equipped with additional tropical filters (Tp) and improved ventilation system. Only 200 Ausf F2s (including 25 converted Ausf F1s) and 1275 Ausf G were produced by Krupp-Gruson, Vomag and Nibelungenwerke. Both variants were designated Sd.Kfz.161/1. Since March of 1943, additional 412 Ausf Gs were produced armed with newer 75mm KwK 40 L/48 gun and were designated Sd.Kfz.161/2. Ausf G’s new 75mm gun was mounted with double baffle muzzle brakeLate models Ausf Gs were fitted with steel armor skirts and resembled early models of Ausf H. Ausf G featured new simplified design turret mounted with smoke grenade launchers.

Panzerkampfwagen IV Ausf H entered production in April of 1943 as the ninth variant of Panzerkampfwagen IV tank family (9 Serie BW). This medium tank received a designation of Sd.Kfz.161/2. Production took place until July of 1944 and Ausf H reached the largest production figures of any Panzerkampfwagen IV model with 3774 produced by Krupp-Gruson AG in Magdeburg, Vomag AG in Plauen and Nibelungenwerke AG in St.Valentin. The last company produced the most of Ausf H tanks until it switched production to the next and final variant Ausf J. Chassis numbers for Ausf H were 84401 to approx.89540.

In December of 1942, Krupp was ordered to redesign future Ausf H model to have sloped front and side armor. The project was cancelled in February of 1943 due to increase in weight to 28tons that required additional modifications and instead Ausf H based on original hull was to be produced. New Ausf H was basically a late model Ausf G with six-speed Zahnradfabrik ZF SSG76 transmission. All Ausf H were armed with 75mm KwK 40 L/48 gun and two MG 34 machine guns with 87 75mm and 3150 7.92mm rounds. The gun sight was T.Z.F.5f. The crew of five consisting of commander, gunner, loader, radio-operator and driver operated the vehicle. Radio equipment was made up of Fu 2 and Fu 5 as well as intercom. The power plant was 12-cylinder water-cooled Maybach HL 120 TRM gasoline engine producing 265hp at 2600rpm. The during the production in June of 1943, the front armor was increased from 50mm with additional 30mm plate to basic 80mm on the front hull and superstructure. The weight of Ausf H was 25 tons, while that of Ausf G was 23.6 tons. Maximum road speed was 38km/h, while average road speed was 25km/h. Further modifications, included deletion of side superstructure visor ports in June of 1943, followed by application of Zimmerit paste starting in September of 1943 and modifications to the suspension (idler and return rollers) in September-November of 1943. Also modified were air filters and introduced were new commander’s cupola and anti-aircraft MG 34 cupola mount (Fliegerbeschussgerat). Vehicles were also fitted with side armor skirts (both hull - 5mm and turret - 8mm) - Schurzen. In addition to new modifications, numerous changes made to Ausf G were also applied to Ausf H. As in any other case, older parts were also used in repairs and rebuilds creating non-standard vehicles.

PzKpfw IV Ausf J

Panzerkampfwagen IV Ausf H tanks were issued to Panzer Regiments in Panzer Divisions and were used in that role to the end of the war. On June 6th of 1944, majority of Panzerkampfwagen IV tanks present in France were Ausf H.

In June of 1944, Ausf J, the final variant of Panzerkampfwagen IV tank family entered production as a replacement for Ausf H (10 Serie BW). Its production did not cease until March 1945 with 2970 produced solely by Nibelungenwerke and in small number by Vomag. This medium tank received a designation of Sd.Kfz.161/2. Chassis numbers for Ausf J were approx.86394 to 86573 and unknown to approx.89541.

Left: Panzerkampfwagen IV Ausf J of 111th Panzer Brigade, 2111th Panzer Abteilung, Staff Company, Lorraine, France in September of 1944.

Ausf J was produced in mind to simplify the production by simplifying the design of Ausf H. In general, all characteristics of Ausf H were retained including weight, speed, mechanical components and armament. The first component deleted was the electric turret drive with auxiliary generator set, which resulted that the turret had to be traversed manually by hand. Its place was to be taken by 200-litre fuel tank after the production started in July of 1944. This increased the fuel capacity to 680 litres, increasing the combat range to over 300km. It is interesting to point out that German designers decided to increase the fuel capacity at the time when German Armed Forces faced serious fuel shortage problems. Problems were encountered with new fuel tanks and installations started in September of 1944. As the production continued, more modifications were made including: deletion of turret visor and pistol ports, installation of Pilze 2-ton crane mount sockets, introduction of Flammentoeter mufflers, conversion from plate Schurzen to wire-mesh Thoma type, reduction to 3 return rollers per side, installation of Naehverteidigungswaffe close defence system and ceasing application of Zimmerit paste. In addition to new modifications, numerous changes made to Ausf G and H were also applied to Ausf J.

Panzerkampfwagen IV Ausf J tanks just like Ausf H were issued to Panzer Regiments in Panzer Divisions and were used in that role to the end of the war.

Ausf H and/or J tank turrets were also used on armoured trains including Panzerjager-Triebwagen 51, 52 and 53 anti-tank rail cars.

From March to September of 1944, some 80 Panzerkampfwagen IV Ausf H and 17 Ausf J were converted to Panzerbefehlswagen (IV) mit 7.5cm KwK L/48 medium command tanks. The vehicle received additional radio equipment - Fu 5 and Fu 7 (for communication with Luftwaffe) or Fu 8 (for communication with ground units). Vehicles received a designation Sd.Kfz.267 if equipped with Fu 8 and Sd.Kfz.268 if with Fu 7. In all versions, loader served as a second radio-operator. Plans were made to outfit all Panzerkampfwagen IV tanks with additional antennas so that they could be easily converted into command vehicles by the troops in the field. They were issued to panzer units equipped with Panzerkampfwagen IV tanks.

From July of 1944 to March of 1945, other 90 Panzerkampfwagen IV Ausf J tanks were converted to Panzerbeobachtungswagen IV medium observation tanks. They received additional radio equipment to communicate with Hummel batteries. Also additional, optic equipment in a form of periscope for the commander.

The interesting fact is that in 1938, work began on the vehicles, which were to replace newly introduced Panzerkampfwagen III and Panzerkampfwagen IV.In 1939, Krupp was awarded contract for a new tank, which was to replace Panzerkampfwagen IV - VK 2001 (IV). New design attempted to utilize components of existing and plannedvehicles. Development continued and in 1939, VK 2001 (IV), became VK 2001 (BW) and eventually BW 40, only to be stopped in mid-1940. Krupp continued development with VK 2001(K) armed with 50mm KwK L/42 gun. At the same time, MAN and Daimler-Benz began work on their designs - VK 2002(M) and later VK 2401(M). This resulted in VK 2301(K), which utilized the basic design by Krupp with mechanical components developed by MAN. The new series evolved into light VK 2001(K) and heavier VK 2002(K) and VK 2301(K). Work on all new vehicles was stopped in December of 1941 and all efforts were focused on the development of a heavier tank - Panther.

Panzer IV Ausf E

Brand new Panzerkampfwagen IV Ausf E.

Only 211 Panzerkampfwagen IV (Ausf A/B/C) were produced as of September 30th of 1939, but right away they became the workhorses of Panzer Divisions. Conceived by General Heinz Guderian (1930 - Medium Tank design / Begleitwagen - escort vehicle) himself as a heavy support tank for Panzerkampfwagen III units, the Panzerkampfwagen IV’s production was slow but when it appeared it soon proved to be a formidable weapon. Panzerkampfwagen IV’s development was partially based on lessons learned from Panzerkampfwagen III and other previous projects. Modifications were carried over the years (such as the design of the hull), updating the vehicle to the needs of the front and many were modified by their crews during service.

Since mid 1943, Panzerkampfwagen IVs were mounted with Schurzen (side and turret skirts). Older variants which returned for repairs were up-armored, rearmed and updatedto standards at the time, creating completely non-standard variants. Others were given to NSKK (National Socialist Vehicle Corps) for training purposes along with small number fitted with plow/dozer blades.

During early stages of Operation Barbarossa in 1941, Panzerkampfwagen IVs were equipped with single-axle trailers carrying two barrels of fuel in order to increase their radius of operation. Since the Fall of 1942, Panzer IVs serving in Russia, were equipped with wider "winter tracks" (Winterketten) and since the Spring of 1944, with even wider "eastern tracks" (Ostketten).

During the Normandy campaign in the Caen area, some late model PzKpfw IVs (e.g. 21st Panzer Division) were dug in only with their turrets showing. Such obstacles were hard to detect and destroy, while they took heavy took on the approaching Allied armor.

One of the most interesting conversions was Panzerkampfwagen IV als Tauchpanzer - submersible tank especially prepared for the never realized invasion of England (Operation Seelowe/Sealion). From July to October of 1940, 42 Ausf Ds were converted into submersible tanks able to travel on the bottom of body of water at the depths of 6 to 15 meters. Along with Ausf D tanks, 160 Panzerkampfwagen III Ausf F/G/H and 8 Panzerbefehlswagen III Ausf E were converted as well. They saw limited service with the 18th Panzer Division’s 18th Panzer Regiment in June of 1941 in the invasion of Soviet Union.

Panzer IV Ausf H

Panzerkampfwagen IV Ausf H with armor skirts.
(Late Production Model)

Panzerkampfwagen IV also became a base for special purpose vehicles.From February to May of 1940, 20 Ausf C/Ds were converted by Krupp to bridge layers - Bruckenleger IVb. 16 vehicles were mounted with bridging equipment by Magirus and 4 by Krupp. They saw service in Belgium and France in 1940 with 1st, 2nd, 3rd, 5th and 10th Panzer Division. In late 1940, most were converted back to regular battle tanks.In January of 1941, Krupp completed 4 newer Bruckenleger IVc bridge layers. They saw service in 1941 in Russia with 3rd Panzer Division.

At the same time Infanterie Sturmsteg auf PzKpfw IV (Bruckenleger IV s / Sturmstegpanzer) - infantry assault (56m long) bridge mounted on Panzer IV Ausf C was produced. Only 4 were made and saw service in France in 1940 and in Russia in 1941 with 3rd Panzer Division. The bridging equipment worked in a similar fashion as firefighting equipment.Also single Panzer IV Ausf C was fitted with experimental mine rollers but it did not enter production.

Bruckenleger IVc

Bruckenleger IVc with bridging equipment by Krupp.

Panzer IV was also converted to Bergepanzer IV (recovery vehicle) and from October to December of 1944 (or even March of 1945), some 36 were manufactured by rebuilding various models. Another interesting conversion based on Panzer IV Ausf F’s chassis and components was Panzerfahre - lightly armored amphibious ferry with only 2 prototypes tested in mid 1942.

In preparation for the planned Invasion of Malta in March of 1942, 12 PzKpfw IVs with 80mm frontal plate were requested and produced.

Panzerkampfwagen IV’s chassis/components became a base for many conversions and prototypes such as the Heuschrecke - Waffentrager (weapon carrier) series, Nashorn, Hummel and many other.

Later in the war, Germany’s fuel shortages forced them to adopt various means to test vehicles after completion and to train new crews. Some vehicles were powered by bottled (liquid) gas while other by wood burning generators. None of those vehicles were used in combat and were only used to train new panzer crews. Plans were also made that since June of 1945, Panzer IVs would be powered by Tatra 103, 12 cylinder, and air-cooled diesel engine. During the war, designers continued working on the development of new running-gear for Panzer IV, but changes never took place.

PzKpfw IV Ausf H

Panzerkampfwagen IV Ausf H
mounted with Soviet T-34’s tracks for additional protection.

Planners also tried to improve Panzerkampfwagen IV’s fire power by mounting two 75mm (Rucklauflos Kanone 43) recoilless rifles together with 20/30mm (30mm MK 103) automatic target indicator gun in a modified turret. Although this very modern project never reached a production stage and ended up as a wooden prototype. Trials were carried by experimentally mounting Panzer IV with various guns such as 50mm KwK 39/Pak 38 L/60 (Ausf D) in 1941/42 or 75mm KwK 42 L/70 (Ausf F2 or H). In November of 1944, interesting concept was proposed by Krupp to mount Panzer IV Ausf H with Panther Ausf F’s new narrow turret (mounted with 75mm KwK 42 or 44/1 L/70 gun), but it was rejected since it would overburden the chassis. In addition, in 1944, Krupp designed simplified six sided turret (Vereinfachter Turm fuer PzKpfw IV) with cupola and three simple hatches but it was not approved.

It was also planned to arm Panzerkampfwagen IV Ausf C/D/E with four 280mm or 300mm rocket projectors mounted in a special turret, which replaced the standard one. Turret consisted of forward mounted cabin with machine gun and rear mounted hydraulically operated launching frame. Single prototype was produced and tested although full-scale production did not take place. It was designated as Raketenwerfer auf Fahrgestell PzKpfw IV.

PzKpfw IV Ausf H with Panther Ausf F's new narrow turret

Panzerkampfwagen IV Ausf H with Panther Ausf F’s new narrow turret.

In January of 1944, concept of creating a hybrid Panzerkampfwagen based on a standard chassis using components of Panzerkampfwagen III and IV was brought back to the drawings boards. New vehicle was designated as Panzerkampfwagen auf Einheitsfahrgestell III/IV Ausf A - standard chassis. Mechanical components came from both PzKpfw III and IV, suspension used PzKpfw IV components but was composed of six roadwheels paired on leaf springs, improved sloped armor, while turret used was to be the one from PzKpfw IV Ausf J. The new chassis was also to be a base for leichter Panzer Jaeger - Panzer IV Lang (E), which used the superstructure of Jagdpanzer IV armed with75mm PaK 42 L/70 gun. Decision to start production at Krupp-Gruson in February of 1945 was made in June of 1944, but entire project was cancelled in July of 1944 with theexception of Panzer Jaeger mit L/70.

In 1943, it was to decided to stop the production of Panzerkampfwagen IV in the fall of 1944, and since it served as base for numerous conversions, replacement was planned.In June 1943, Guderian envisioned new vehicle - Mehrzweckpanzer (multipurpose tank) to be used as a reconnaissance tank, artillery observation tank, anti-aircraft tank, light tankdestroyer, light selfpropelled carriage as well as other specialized vehicles. New vehicle was to be designed by Krupp and was designated as VK 2801. Plans were made thatthe production of this 28 ton new vehicle was to start in April of 1945, but in October of 1943, entire project was cancelled and production of Panzerkampfwagen IV continued.In June of 1943, Krupp proposed Mehrzweckpanzer mit Vierling 2cm VK 2801 anti-aircraft tank armed with quad 20mm Flak guns, but it also remained only a project.

Soviet PzKpfw IV Ausf H

Captured Panzerkampfwagen IV Ausf H in service with the Red Army.
Photo provided by Dmitry Pyatakhin.

Panzerkampfwagen IV Main VariantsPanzerkampfwagen IV (Short - Kurz) Sd.Kfz.161 - October 1937-March 1942

• Panzerkampfwagen IV Ausf A - 75mm KwK 37 L/24,
• Panzerkampfwagen IV Ausf B - 75mm KwK 37 L/24,
• Panzerkampfwagen IV Ausf C - 75mm KwK 37 L/24,
• Panzerkampfwagen IV Ausf D - 75mm KwK 37 L/24,
• Panzerkampfwagen IV Ausf E - 75mm KwK 37 L/24,
• Panzerkampfwagen Ausf F1 - 75mm KwK 37 L/24,

Panzerkampfwagen IV (Long - Lang) Sd.Kfz.161/1 - March 1942-March 1943

• Panzerkampfwagen IV Ausf F2 - 75mm KwK 40 L/43,
• Panzerkampfwagen IV Ausf G - 75mm KwK 40 L/43 (early),

Panzerkampfwagen IV (Long - Lang) Sd.Kfz.161/2 - March 1943-March 1945

• Panzerkampfwagen IV Ausf G - 75mm KwK 40 L/48 (late),
• Panzerkampfwagen IV Ausf H - 75mm KwK 40 L/48
• Panzerkampfwagen IV Ausf J - 75mm KwK 40 L/48
• Panzerkampfwagen IV Ausf J - Panzerbefehlswagen / Panzerbeobachtungswagen - Command Tank / Observation Tank

Panzerkampfwagen IV in Action !On February 7th of 1944, few remaining Panzer IV tanks from the 5th SS Panzer Division "Wiking" spearheaded the attempt to breakout from the Cherkassy Pocket against largely superior Soviet force. During the breakout, SS-Untersturmfuehrer Kurt Schumacher commanded two Panzer IVs, which counterattacked a Soviet tank company destroying in the process some 8 T-34 tanks.On the next day, Schumacher alone engaged another Soviet tank company and during both actions destroyed some 21 Soviet AFVs.For his achievement, he was awarded the Knight’s Cross.

On the afternoon of June 11th of 1944, the 8th Company of the 12th SS Panzer Regiment (12th SS Panzer Division "Hitlerjugend")counterattacked the attempt by Canadian 6th Armored Regiment (along with support units) to capture the area of Le Mesnil-Patry. The 12th SS Panzer Regiment commanded by SS-Obersturmfuehrer Hans Siegel destroyed some 37 Shermans, while losing 2 Panzer IVs and forcing Canadians to retreat.

SS-Unterscharfuehrer Willy Kretzschmar, who commanded Panzer IV of the 5th Company of the 12th SS Panzer Regiment (12th SS Panzer Division "Hitlerjugend") destroyed some 15 Allied tanks during the Normandy battles, including the heavy fighting at Caen area. Models Ausf A to E were produced exclusively by Krupp, while all the later models with exceptions of Ausf J produced by Nibelungenwerke, were produced by Krupp, Nibelungenwerke and Vomag.From October of 1937 to May of 1945, approximately 8600 Panzerkampfwagen IV tanks (armed with long and short barrel guns) were produced (10 different variants). Panzerkampfwagen IV became the main tank of the German Panzertruppen in World War II and fought on every front. It was regarded with high respect by its crews and the enemies.

Panzer IV Ausf D with 75mm L/48

Upgraded Panzerkampfwagen IV Ausf D
mounted with 75mm L/48 gun and additional armor plates.

During the war, Panzer IV was exported and used by Hungarian (52), Romanian (100), Bulgarian (46), Finnish (15), Spanish (20) and Croatian armored formations. In 1943, small number of Ausf G tanks was sold to Turkey.From 1941 to 1943, Russians captured large numbers of PzKpfw III, Sturmgeschutz III and PzKpfw IV. Some were pressed into temporary service (e.g. being used as "Trojan Horses" or as "bait") , while some were converted to assault guns designated SU-76i and SG-122A.

"It is suggested to the Red Army to use such German tanks as StuG III and Pz IV due to their relability and availability of spare parts. The new German Panther and Tiger can be used until they broken down without trying to repair them. They have bad engines, transmission and suspension." - Department of Weaponry of the Red Army, late 1944.

After 1945, some were still in use by Bulgaria, Yugoslavia, Finland, Egypt, Spain, Syria, Jordan and Turkey (20-22?) as late as 1967.

In 1949/50, Finns converted their Panzer IV(s) into (unsuccessful) mineclearing vehicles and from 1951 until September of 1962, used them for training purposes.

In 1950/60s, number of Panzer IV Ausf H sold to Syria by USSR, France, Czechoslovakia and Spain (17) was still used by Syrian Army during Arab-Israeli conflicts of 1966/1967.

Syrian PzKpfw IV Ausf H at Latrun

Syrians supposedly sold few of their PzKpfw IVs to Cubans before the overthrow of Batista by Castro in 1958, but it is unconfirmed. Few of Syrian PzKpfw IVs were captured by Israelis at the Golan Heights (dug in as bunkers) and one is on display at the Museum of Armored Forces at Latrun, Israel.

Left: Syrian PzKpfw IV Ausf H at Latrun.

Panzerkampfwagen IV was the most numerous German tank of World War II, but its production in comparison to the Soviet T-34 or American M4 Sherman was very limited. The main drawback of Panzerkampfwagen IV was its not well sloped armor along with overall low speed for its size, but eventhough it proved to be a versatile and reliable tank.

Since the beginning of the war, Panzerkampfwagen IV became tactically the most important German tank of World War II that saw service until 1967.

Syrian Panzerkampfwagen IV in USA

PzKpfw IV Ausf H

It is believed that this Panzerkampfwagen IV Ausf H/J (hybrid) was captured by the Russian Mongols of the Red Army in Czechoslovakia and then it was eventually sold to Syria by Czechoslovakia. In 1967, it was captured by the Israelis at the Golan Heights and eventually put on display in the museum in Latrum along with Sturmgeschutz III Ausf G and other PzKpfw IV Ausf H. It was then traded to the Mattituck American Armoured Museum on Long Island for an other vehicle (Stuart) in the museum’s collection.

Picture and information provided by Steve Gabrielli.

Specifications

Conversions
Flakpanzers (Air Defense):

PzKpfw T-34 747(r) / T-34/76 model 1943

"Very worrying", Colonel-General Heinz Guderian, Commander of Second Panzer Army.

"We had nothing comparable", Major-General F.W. Mellenthin, Chief of Staff of XLVIII Panzer Corps.

"The finest tank in the world", Field-Marshal Ewald von Kleist, First Panzer Army.

"This tank (T-34) adversely affected the morale of the German infantry", General G. Blumentritt.

T-34/76 was further development based on T-32 medium tank, which was based on A-20 and A-30 prototypes.Pre-production models were produced in early 1940 and full scale production commenced in mid-1940.T-34 Medium Tank (Tridsatchedverka), when introduced into production in June of 1940, was the most advanced tank design in the world. It was superior to any other tank in the world, including feared German tanks. Its revolutionary design featured sloped armor, speed, hitting power and low silhouette along with reliability and low production cost. T-34 although available in small numbers in the early stage of fighting on the Eastern Front gave German Army a nasty shock when first encountered and remained that way until introduction of more powerful anti-tank armament. T-34 was described by the Germans in the following statements: "Very worrying", Colonel-General Heinz Guderian, Commander of Second Panzer Army, "We had nothing comparable", Major-General F.W. Mellenthin, Chief of Staff of XLVIII Panzer Corps and "The finest tank in the world", Field-Marshal Ewald von Kleist, First Panzer Army.

T-34 was produced in six main variants, all operated by four men crew and armed with 76.2mm gun and 2 or 3 machine guns designated as T-34/76. T-34/76 was produced in following variants: A (model 1940), B (model 1941), C (model 1942), D (model 1943), E (model 1943) and F (model 1943). From 1940 to 1944, some 35119 T-34/76 tanks were produced. In order to respond to T-34/76 in 1942, Germans developed their own Panzerkampfwagen V Panther, which incorporated many features of the Soviet T-34/76 and eventually proved to be a superb tank.

Totenkopf T-34/76

Flakpanzer T-34(r)

Top: T-34/76 Model 1942 from 3rd SS Panzer Division "Totenkopf", September 1942.
Bottom: Flakpanzer T-34(r), Eastern Front, mid 1944.

Captured T-34/76 was designated by the Germans as Panzerkampfwagen T-34 747(r). Large number of T-34/76 tanks was captured and pressed into service contrary to few T-34/85 tanks. T-34/76 was more often captured since from 1941 until mid 1943, Germans were still firmly established on the Eastern Front, while T-34/85 appeared on the battlefield in the winter of 1943, when Germans were already retreating westwards after successful Soviet offensives. Germans were always more than happy to employ as many captured examples as they could and many served with various units. T-34/76 employment by German formations was not always temporary but sometimes permanent until the end of the war. First examples of T-34/76 were in service with 1st, 8th and 11th Panzer Division during the summer of 1941. Although it was considered to utilize captured T-34/76 tanks dangerous because many gunners fired on silhouette instead of markings. In order to prevent such mistakes to take place, crews painted large-dimension crosses or even swastikas. It was very common to paint a cross or swastika on top of the turret in order to prevent the Luftwaffe from attacking. Another way to overcome this problem was to use captured T-34/76 in an infantry support role where recognition problems were not that common. T-34/76D (model 1943) tanks with round twin turret hatches were often nicknamed by the Germans as "Mickey Mouse", because of their appearance when both hatches were open.

T-34/76

PzKpfw T-34 747(r) of 10th Panzer Division’s 7th Panzer Regiment.

Since late 1941, captured T-34/76 tanks were transported to a workshop in Riga for repairs and modifications, while in 1943, Mercedes-Benz in Marienfelde and Wumag in Goerlitz (now Zgorzelec) were also repairing and modifying T-34s as well. Captured T-34/76 tanks were modified to German standards by installation of commander’s cupola, radio equipment along with other non-standard field modifications made during service by the their new owners. Spare parts were never much of a problem and some 300 captured vehicles were maintained on long term bases. T-34/76s tanks were also used as artillery tractors and ammunition carriers. Badly damaged tanks were either dug in as pillboxes or were used for testing and training purposes. Number of T-34/76’s upper hulls with turrets was also mounted on railway wagons designated as Panzerjaegerwagen (tank destroyer wagon). They were used as part of Panzerzug (armored train), Streckenschutzug (railway protection train) and Panzertriebwagen (armored locomotive), including Panzerzug "Michael".

T-34/76

This captured Soviet T-34/76 was painted in panzer grey and marked with large Balkenkreuz.
The German flag was painted on the turret hatch for proper identification by the Luftwaffe.

Known users of captured T-34/76 tanks were numerous along with many unrecorded ones. For example on October 15th of 1941, 1st Panzer Division’s 1st Panzer Regiment had some 6 T-34/76 Model 1940 and 1941 tanks. Along with 1st Panzer Division, T-34/76 tanks were in service with 2nd Panzer Division, 9th Panzer Division (33rd Panzer Regiment), 10th Panzer Division (7th Panzer Regiment), 11th Panzer Division, 20th Panzer Division (21st Panzer Regiment) and 23rd Panzer Division. Number of T-34/76 tanks was still in service in 1945, for example with 23rd Panzer Division in Slovakia and East Prussia. Along with Panzer Divisions, number was used by 18th Panzergrenadier Division and 98th Infantry Division. In the summer of 1943, few captured T-34/76 tanks were even operated by Italian crews. According to original German captured tank inventories as of July of 1943 there were 28 T-34(r) as part of Army Group South and 22 as part of Army Group Center.For example from July 10th to July 14th of 1943, 6th Panzer Division operated 2 captured T-34 tanks. In September of 1943, "RONA" (Russian Army of Liberation) commanded by Mieczyslaw Kaminski operated some 24 captured T-34/76 tanks against Soviet partisans in Byelorussia. T-34/76 was held in high regard and also elite units such as Panzergrenadier Division "Grossdeutschland" (Panzer Regiment "Grossdeutschland") used some captured examples as late as 1945.

T-34/76

Modified T-34/76 with German commander’s cupola.

Waffen-SS units also did not hesitate to use captured T-34/76 tanks and 2nd SS Panzer Division "Das Reich" and 3rd SS Panzer Division "Totenkopf" pressed significant number into service. T-34/76 tanks used by "Das Reich" are of particular interest. When in March of 1943, SS Panzer Corps recaptured Kharkov, some 50 various models of T-34/76 tank were captured. All of those were being repaired in a local tractor (tank) factory that was overrun and designated as SS Panzerwerk (SS Tank Workshop). Shortly after they were repaired along with being modified to German standards, repainted and marked with German markings. Modifications included installation of commander’s cupola (from damaged Panzerkampfwagen III and IV tanks), Schuerzen (armor skirts) and other equipment such as Notek light, storage boxes, tools, radio equipment and antenna. 25 of them entered service with newly created 3rd SS Panzer Battalion of 2nd SS Panzer Regiment of 2nd SS Panzer Division "Das Reich".

T-34/76

PzKpfw T-34 747(r) from 23rd Panzer Division.

SS Hauptscharfuehrer Emil Seibold from 3rd SS Panzer Battalion scored some 69 kills during his career including those on his Panzerkampfwagen T-34 747(r) in July and August of 1943, during the Battle of Kursk Salient. Seibold received Knights Cross during the last decoration ceremony on May 6th of 1945. On July 4th of 1943, 2nd SS Panzer Division "Das Reich" had 18 operational T-34 tanks and 9 in repair. 3rd SS Panzer Division "Totenkopf" also pressed number into service but had none at Kursk. Overall, there were some 22 T-34/76 tanks in active service with Waffen SS Panzer Divisions during the Battle of Kursk Salient.

T 34/76

Captured ex-Soviet T-34/76 Ausf E (Model 1943)
of Panzer Grenadier Division "Grossdeutschland".

On December 30th of 1944, some 29 Panzerkampfwagen T-34 747(r) were in service with Geb.Jäg.Rgt.100. In 1942, single T-34/76 and KW-2 were used to form 66th Panzer Company for the planned Invasion of Malta. Two T-34/76 tanks were captured by schwere Panzer Abteilung 502 on the Leningrad Front in November of 1943 and were pressed into service. In the summer of 1944, the Germans sold three captured T-34/76 tanks to Finland.

Flakpanzer T-34(r)

Flakpanzer T-34(r)

One of the most interesting conversions based on T-34/76 (model 1943) chassis was 2cm Flakvierling auf Fahrgestell T-34(r), an anti-aircraft tank - Flakpanzer. Also known as Flakpanzer T-34(r), it was armed with 20mm Flakvierling 38, which was a four barreled 20mm anti-aircraft L/115 gun. The armament was mounted in a turret made by field workshop (Werkstattkompanie 653) using armor plates from damaged half-tracks. Ammunition was stored in metal cases on a rack at the rear of the vehicle. It served with headquarters of schwere Heeres Panzerjaeger Abteilung 653, on the Eastern Front in early and mid 1944. Flakpanzer T-34(r) can be compared to post-war Chinese Type 63 anti-aircraft tank based on T-34, which remained in service until late 1980s. In mid 1944, this same unit also used other T-34/76 tanks converted to ammunition carriers designated as Munitionspanzer T-34(r).Also, this unit fielded captured recovery version of T-34 tank mounted with 20mm Flakdrilling, which was twin barreled 20mm anti-aircraft gun. Another interesting conversion was done by Kampfgruppe Kienast in Saxony in 1945 - 88mm Flak 36 gun mounted on a modified T-34/76 chassis.

In 1943, improved model operated by five men crew and armed with 85mm gun and machine gun was introduced. It was designated as T-34/85 and by the end of the war some 29430 tanks were produced. Only few were captured and even fewer were pressed into service, since German Army Office wanted to examine and test this new Soviet tank. In mid 1944, 5th SS Panzer Division "Wiking" during heavy fighting on the Vistula front near Warsaw captured and pressed T-34/85 into service. 252nd Infantry Division during their combat in East Prussia also pressed captured T-34/85 into service. It is also reported that 7th Panzer Division also captured atleast one T-34/85. It is unconfirmed, but reported that one T-34/85 was fitted with 88mm gun removed from a damaged Tiger and used during fighting in East Prussia.

T-34/85

Soviet T-34/85 armed with 85mm gun.

As of 1996, T-34, mainly in it its 85mm variant was still in service with many nations including: Afghanistan, Albania (approx. 70), Angola (approx. 58), Guinea Bissau (approx. 10), Cuba (approx. 400), Mali (approx. 18), Romania (approx. 1000), Slovenia, Hungary (approx. 5), Vietnam, Bosnia and other nations.

Specifications

Captured / Foreign Equipment Registry
Soviet T-34 in German Service - Captured Tanks Gallery I - Captured Tanks Gallery II

Mobelwagen

Production Model Möbelwagen.

In early 1943, it was proposed to utilize PzKpfw IV’s chassisfor anti-aircraft gun carrier urgently needed by the front lines units. Originally, Flakpanzer IV Möbelwagen armed with four 20mm Flak 38 guns was designed by Krupp in early 1943, but it was rejectedon May 14th of 1943 and did not enter production, although single prototype (or possibly few pre-production examples) was produced.It was designated as 2cm Flakvierling auf Fahrgestell Panzerkampfwagen IV.Its design utilized well proven chassis of Panzerkampfwagen IV which were provided by Krupp-Gruson. The standard hull was modified and mounted with wider open-top superstructure with four hinged 20mm armor shields. Shields could be lowered allowing all-round traverse when operating against low flying aircraft or ground targets.

Mobelwagen

The only prototype was ready in October of 1943 and was presented to Adolf Hitler on December 7th of 1943 but on January 28th of 1944, an "interim solution" armed with 37mm Flak 43 was ordered. Flakpanzer IV Möbelwagen was then modified and rearmed with 37mm Flak gun. On April 7th of 1944, first 20 were produced and were put in service with Panzer Divisions stationed in the Western Europe on June 15th of 1944. Production was to start in February but started in March of 1944, by Deutsche-Eisenwerke and BMM and continued until March of 1945. During that period only 240(250) were produced and were issued to Flugabwehrzug (AA platoons) units of Panzer Divisions stationed on the Western Front.Mobelwagen proved to be adequate "interim solution", while real Flakpanzers were being designed.

Experimental Mobelwagen

2cm Flakvierling auf Fahrgestell Panzerkampfwagen IV (Sf)
Experimental Möbelwagen armed with four 20mm Flak 38 guns.

Specifications

7.5cm Sturmgeschütz 40 Ausf G Sturmgeschütz IV / Sd. Kfz. 167

Stug III Ausf E

Sturmgeschütz III Ausf E "Forward and at the enemy ! Assault guns are an offensive weapon and give the infantry immediate, powerful support through mobility, fire and striking power."
Sturmgeschütz Training Manual.

Stug III was one of a series of assault guns/tank destroyers produced by the Germans during the war. Assault guns were easier, cheaper and less time consuming to produce than turreted tanks and that is why German factories built them in large numbers. Cost of single Ausf G was 82500RM making it cheaper than both PzKpfw III Ausf M at 103163RM and PzKpfw IV Ausf F2 at 115962RM. It is interesting to see that almost four Ausf Gs could be purchased for the cost of single King Tiger.

In 1935, Colonel Erich von Manstein proposed that Sturmartillerie units were to be formed and used for direct support of infantry divisions. They were to be equipped with assault guns mounted on tracked chassis. Used to accompany the infantry into the attack, the assault gun’s main aim was to knock out pill-boxes, machine gun nests, anti-tank guns and other obstacles.

On June 15 1936, the order was given to Daimler-Benz AG to develop and produce an armored infantry support vehicle mounting 75mm gun. The gun was to have a limited traverse of minimum 25 degrees in order to provide direct support up to 6 kilometres. The gun was to be mounted in a superstructure that provided full protection for the crew. The height of this vehicle was not to exceed the height of an average man. Daimler-Benz AG being already involved in the development and production of Panzerkampfwagen III tank decided to use its chassis and components for this new vehicle. The experimental "0" series of five prototypes (chassis number 60201 to 60215) was produced in 1937 by Daimler-Benz - Pz.Sfl.III (s.Pak). Prototypes were pre-production Panzerkampfwagen III Ausf B tanks mounted with mild-steel superstructures housing short-barrelled 75mm StuK (Sturmkanone) gun designed and produced by Krupp. Vehicles were extensively tested at Kummersdorf, Doberitz and other testing / training facilities e.g. Jueterbog. Prototypes remained in use as training vehicles as late as 1942.

First production vehicles based on Panzerkampfwagen III Ausf F chassis and components, entered production in 1940. The 75mm StuK 37 L/24 gun was mounted offset to the right in a sloped superstructure. Superstructure was made of armor plates and was mounted on the welded hull. Side hull escape hatches present in the original Panzerkampfwagen III Ausf F hull were removed and frontal hull armor protection was increased from 30mm to 50mm. From January to May of 1940, 30 Sturmgeschutz III Ausf A were produced by Alkett.

First 24 Stug III Ausf A assault gun out 30 produced equipped Sturmartillerie Batteries 640, 659, 660 and 665 and first saw service during the French Campaign. Each battery according to organization scheme from November of 1939 had 6 assault guns in three platoons (with 2 assault guns each). Sturmartillerie Battery 640 became organic to Infantry Regiment Grossdeutschland and was renamed to 16th Sturmartillerie. Last 6 assault guns were issued to SS Sturmartillerie battery of Leibstandarte SS Adolf Hitler division. Two more batteries were formed - 666th and 667th but didn’t see combat in France.

Early Stug III Ausf G in Russia

Early Stug III (40) Ausf G in Russia.

In August of 1940, Sturmartillerie units were reorganized into Abteilungen (battalions) with 18 assault guns in three batteries (with 6 assault guns each). In early 1941, the battalions were renamed - Sturmgeschuetz Abteilungen and batteries to Sturmgeschuetz Batteries. In March/April of 1941, all Sturmgeschuetz Batteries had the number of assault guns increased to seven.In 1942, with the introduction of long-barrelled Stug III (75mm L/43 and L/48), Sturmgeschuetz Abteilungen were reformed and number of assault guns was increased to 28 per battalion. Each battalion still had three batteries but number of assault guns in platoons was increased to three. In November of 1942, Sturmgeschuetz Abteilungen were reformed again and number of assault guns was increased to 31 per battalion with three additional assault guns for battery commanders. This type of organization often referred to as Sturmgeschuetz Brigade remained in use until the end of the war. In June of 1944, new organization scheme was introduced - Sturmartillerie Brigade with 45 assault guns, including 33 Stug III/IV (75mm L/48) assault guns and 12 Sturmhaubitze 42 (105mm L/28) assault howitzers. Brigade had three batteries with 2 Stug IIIs for each battery command, while each battery had two platoons of four Stug IIIs and one of four StuH 42s. This organization scheme was used alongside the Sturmgeschuetz Brigade scheme to the end of the war. In practice, these ideals were hardly ever achieved and then only highly favoured formations received the full complement.

Towards the end of the war, Stugs (40) were often issued to other units as replacement for tank destroyers and even tanks.Since 1944, Stug III (40) were also used as replacements for PzKpfw III, PzKpfw IVand even PzKpfw V Panther in Panzer Abteilungs. That practice was a mistake, but the desperate situation and the overall shortage of tanks made it a necessity. During the course of war, Stug III assault guns were issued to Sturmartillerie Batteries, Sturmgeschuetz Abteilungen, Sturmgeschuetz Brigades, Sturmartillerie Brigades, Ersatz (Reserve) Abteilungen and Funklenk (Remote Control) Companies. Stug III assault guns served on all fronts of WWII to the end of the war.Only, elite Wehrmacht (e.g. Grossdeutschland) and Waffen SS (eg. LSSAH, Das Reich, Totenkopf) divisions had Sturmgeschutzbrigaden as permanent part of their divisions.

Sturmgeschutz III was originally designed as an assault weapon, but as war progressed it became more of a defensive one.It evolved into an assault gun and tank destroyer in one. Its main role was to providing anti-tank support to the units in its area of operation.

Ausf A was followed by improved Ausf B, C, D and E, all armed with short 75mm StuK 37 L/24 gun. All versions featured number of modifications specific to vehicles that followed them in production. Last Ausf E was produced in March of 1942. Total of 822 Ausf A, B, C, D and Es was produced by Alkett and their official designation was Gepanzerter Selbstfahrlafette fur Sturmgeschutz 7.5cm Kanone Ausf A-E / Sd.Kfz.142. Early Stugs remained in active service until mid 1943. Many Early models were recalled to the factory to be rearmed with newer guns and up-armored by addition of armor plates. Some older variants returned for repairs were often re-equipped with parts from newer variants creating completely non-standard variants (e.g. Stug III Ausf C armed with 75mm StuK 40 L/48 gun in Saukopf mantlet destroyed at Altdamm, 1945 and Stug III Ausf E armed with 75mm StuK 40 gun destroyed in Berlin, May 1945).

Stug III Ausf E was the first of the series to be provided with 7.92mm MG34, which was carried inside the superstructure for local defense.

Three Ausf D vehicles were send to North Africa and saw service with Sonderverband z.b.V 288 - special deployment unit.

In March of 1942, Ausf F entered production. It was not only an assault gun but also a badly needed tank destroyer. Early models were mounted with long 75mm StuK 40 L/43 and late models (31) with longer L/48 gun. It was produced until September 1942 with 359(360) produced. Ausf F was then replaced by Ausf F/8 armed exclusively with L/48 gun. It was produced until December of 1942 with 334 produced. Ausf F/8 paved the way for final Sturmgeschutz III model - Ausf G. Stug III Ausf F, F/8 and G’s were also called Stug III (40), because they were all armed with 75mm StuK 40 guns. Stug III Ausf F and Ausf F/8 were produced by Alkett and their official designation was Gepanzerter Selbstfahrlafette fur Sturmgeschutz 7.5cm Sturmkanone 40 Ausf F-F/8 / Sd.Kfz.142/1

In order to improve Stug III’s performance,in 1942, small number of various Stug III models (from Ausf B to Ausf F) was rearmed with 75mm Stuk L/33 guns, which externally resembled 105mm StuH 42 L/28 howitzers causing confusion. In reality Sturmgeschutz was never armed with this of gun. 75mm Stuk L/33 gun was invented by the British, who misinterpreted German photos of Stug III Ausf F with its longer L/43 gun, which had the muzzle break painted out by censors as new type of gun - L/33.

In May and June of 1943, 10 of retired and battle damaged Stug III Ausf F/8 were converted into flame-thrower tanks armed with 14mm Flammenwerfer. They were designated as Sturmgeschutz III (Fl). From June of 1943 to January of 1944, all Sturmgeschutz III (Fl) were used for training in Germany, while from January to April of 1944 all were rearmed with 75mm StuK 40 L/48 guns.

Stug III Ausf F/8

Stug III Ausf F/8, Athens, Greece, 1943.

Ausf G entered production in December of 1942 and remained in production until March/April of 1945. It was the most numerous from all Sturmgeschutz III guns and some 7893 were produced by Alkett (Altmaerkische Kettenfabrik GmbH) and MIAG (Muehlenbau-und-Industrie AG). Production reached its peak when in 1944, 4013 Ausf Gs left factories. Alkett produced over 5000 Ausf, while MIAG began production in March of 1943 and produced some 3000 vehicles. Production numbers include 165 PzKpfw III Ausf M chassis used to produce Ausf Gs in 1943 and 173 PzKpfw III Ausf Ms converted to Ausf Gs by Alkett and MIAG in 1944. Ausf G was produced in four production series - chassis numbers 76101 to 77550, 91751 to 94250, 95001 to unknown and 105001 to unknown.

Ausf G used Ausf F/8’s hull, suspension, engine and other components, while superstructure was modified. Superstructure was widened, its 30mm sides were sloped at 79 degrees, the roof was raised in the rear and its rear 30mm superstructure wall was mounted at 90 degrees. This provided more room for both the commander and loader.

Stug III Ausf G Stug III Ausf G

The other changes included the layout of the roof, addition of commander’s cupola with seven periscopes (each could be moved up or down) and sighting flap for binocular spotting telescope along with a 10mm machine gun shield in front of loader’s hatch (from December of 1942 to April of 1944). Early vehicles had movable cupola (until October of 1943), mid vehicles had it mounted in a fixed position (until October of 1944) and late vehicles again had movable cupola with additional protective cover. Also, early vehicles had 50mm frontal hull armor increased to 80mm by addition of 30mm bolted armor plate, while vehicles produced since May of 1943 by Alkett and since October of 1943 by MIAG had 80mm frontal hull armor. Early models were also mounted with KFF2 (Kampfwagen Fahrer Fernrohr) driver’s episcopes.

During the production, modifications were made to Ausf G. They included introduction of 80mm cast Saukopf (also known as Topfblende) mantlet in February of 1944; the coaxial MG in early 1944, installation of Nahverteidigungswaffe (90mm NbK 39 close-in defense weapon) and roof mounted remote controlled MG (Rundum Feuer) in late spring of 1944. In addition, vehicles produced since January of 1943 had the fighting compartment fan mounted on the rear superstructure wall instead of the roof. Two kinds of "Saukopf" mantlet were produced and mounted on Stug III Ausf G, one housing only the gun and other housing the gun and coaxial machine gun (from September of 1944). Original "boxy" gun mantlet was made of 50mm (front) and 30mm (sides) armor plates. Ausf Gs were also mounted with 5mm Schurzen since mid 1943.

Stug III Ausf F, F/8 and G’s were also called Stug 40 Ausf F, F/8 and G, because they were all armed with 75mm StuK 40 guns. Those last three models performed the role of tank destroyers rather than that of assault guns.

On August 1st of 1940, it was planned to convert 12 Sturmgeschutz IIIs into submersible assault guns in preparations for the Invasion of England (Operation Sealion) but conversion never took place.

From April to June of 1943, some 61 Stugs were assigned to Panzerkompanien (Funklenk) as command vehicles for SdKfz.301 (Schwere Ladungsträger Ausf A/B/C - Borgward) tracked demolition charge layers, which were radio-controlled.

Stug III Ausf G

Sturmgeschutz III’s design underwent many changes including various modifications madeto the suspension (e.g. sprocket and idler design), superstructure (e.g. headlights, shape, size, ventilator, cupola) and other equipment (e.g. sight, remote control machine gun). Each variant featured some modifications to the overall design, creating the visible difference between Ausf B and Ausf G.All Stug IIIs were operated by the four men crew - commander, gunner, loader / radio operator and driver.

Very common field practice was the addition of a layer of concrete added over the armor plate above the driver’s position to improve the protection. Since mid 1943, Stug IIIs were also equipped with Schurzen (armor skirts) for further protection. Also many earlier version were recalled to the factory to be rearmed with never guns and up-armored by addition of armor plates. Number of vehicles was also mounted with additional armor plates during their service by field workshops.Some older variants returned for repairs were often re-equipped with parts from newer variants creating completely non-standard variants.Models produced between September of 1943 and September of 1944, were factory applied with Zimmerit (anti-magnetic paste) with "waffle plate" or standard design. At the same time, many Stug IIIs already in service were also applied with Zimmerit.Very common were the canister/storage racks or steel rails mounted on the engine compartment.

Stug III Ausf G

Sturmgeschütz AcesProbably the most successful engagement involving Sturmgeschutz III Ausf F took place in Stalingrad in early September of 1942. Stug III Ausf F from Stug.Abt.244, commanded by Oberwachtmeister Kurt Pfreundtner destroyed 9 Soviet tanks in 20 minutes. On September 18th of 1942, Oberwachtmeister Kurt Pfreundtner received the Knights Cross for this achievement.

Another Sturmgeschutz ace was the Knights Cross holder Wachtmeister Kurt Kirchner from Stug.Abt.667, who destroyed 30 Soviet tanks during few days in February of 1942 during fighting in Northern Russia.

Hauptmann Peter Franz also the Knights Cross holder and the commander of Stug.Abt. "Grossdeutschland" destroyed some 43 Soviet T-34/76 tanks during the Battle for Borissovka on March 14th of 1943.

Left: Knight’s Cross holder Oberwachtmeister Hugo Primozic of Stug.Abt.667.

In the middle of July of 1941, Oberfeldwebel Rudolf Jaenicke (Stug number 25), commander of Stug platoon destroyed 12 Soviet BT-2 tanks along with tractors and other equipment loaded on rail platforms.

Between 1st and 4th of January of 1943, Unteroffizier Horst Naumann from Stug.Abt.184 destroyed 12 Soviet tanks during heavy fighting in the Demyansk area. On January 4th, Naumann was awarded with Knight’s Cross for destruction of total of 27 enemy tanks.

The most notable of all Stug aces were von Malachowski, Franz and especially Knight’s Cross holder Oberwachtmeister Hugo Primozic of Stug.Abt.667.

The most notable Waffen SS Stug ace was SS-Sturmbannfuehrer Walter Kniep, who commanded the 2nd Sturmgeschuetz Abteilung of 2nd SS Panzer Division "Das Reich". From July 5th of 1943 to January 17th of 1944, his unit claimed destruction of some 129 Soviet tanks, while losing two Stugs. Kniep was then awarded the Knight’s Cross.

Overall, Sturmgeschutz series proved to be very successful, and served on all fronts as assault guns and tank destroyers in both offensive and defensive mode. Sturmgeschutz III with its low silhouette was a difficult target and a dangerous opponent. Sturmgeschutz crews were considered to be the elite of the artillery units and were issued special field grey (version of panzer) uniforms. Sturmgeschutz units held very impressive record of tank kills some 20000 enemy tanks by spring of 1944.As of April 10th of 1945, there were 1053 Stug IIIs and 277 StuH IIIs in service.Approximately 9500 Sturmgeschutz IIIs of various types were produced until March of 1945 by Alkett and small number by MIAG.

Sturmgeschütz III - Sd.Kfz. 142

• Ausf A - 75mm StuK 37 L/24
• Ausf B - 75mm StuK 37 L/24
• Sturminfanteriegeschütz 33 Ausf B - 150mm sIG33 L/11
• Ausf C - 75mm StuK 37 L/24
• Ausf D - 75mm StuK 37 L/24
• Ausf E - 75mm StuK 37 L/24
• Sturminfanteriegeschütz 33 Ausf E - 150mm sIG33 L/11

Sturmgeschütz III (40) - Sd.Kfz. 142/1

• Ausf F - 75mm StuK 40 L/43 and L/48
• (10.5cm) Sturmhaubitze 42 Ausf F / Sd.Kfz. 142/2 - 105mm StuH 42 L/28
• Ausf F/8 - 75mm StuK 40 L/43 and L/48
• Sturminfanteriegeschütz 33 Ausf F/8 - 150mm sIG33 L/11
• Ausf G "Fruhe" - 75mm StuK L/48
• Ausf G "Spat" - 75mm StuK L/48
• (10.5cm) Sturmhaubitze 42 Ausf G / Sd.Kfz. 142/2 - 105mm StuH 42 L/28

Sturmgeschütz IV - Sd.Kfz. 167

• Sturmgeschütz IV - 75mm StuK 40 L/48

Stug 33

Sturminfanteriegeschütz 33
from 9th company of 201st Panzer Regiment from 23rd Panzer Division,
near village of Marinowka, Russia, 1943.

Sturm-Infanteriegeschutz 33 was a heavy infantry gun carrier designed and produced by Alkett. From December of 1941 to October of 1942, total number of 24 s.I.G.33 auf Fgst. Pz.Kpfw.III (Sfl.) was made (chassis number 90101 to 91400). Its design was based on Stug III Ausf B’s chassis, while production models on Stug III Ausf E (12) and F/8’s (12) chassis. It was armed with 150mm L/11.4 heavy infantry gun. Storage space allowed only 30 of 150mm rounds and 600 rounds for MG34 to be carried inside the vehicle. Stug 33s were operated by the crew of 5 and were used exclusively on the Eastern Front. 12 of 24 Stug 33s produced were used in fighting in Stalingrad with Sturmgeschutz Abteilung 177 and 244, where they were all lost. The other 12 were used by Sturm-Infanteriegeschutz-Batterie Lehr Battalion XVII (training battalion) and then with 23rd Panzer Division. Specifications for Sturminfanteriegeschütz 33

Sturmhaubitze 42 (Sd. Kfz. 142/2)

Early Sturmhaubitze 42 (Sd. Kfz. 142/2).

In October of 1942 Sturmhaubitze 42 was produced by Alkett, its design was based on Stug III Ausf F and F/8’s chassis and it was armed with 105mm StuH 42 L/28 (L/30) howitzer. From 1943 onwards StuH 42 was built on Ausf G’s chassis. Vehicles of this type were modified in the same way as Ausf Gs were. Early vehicles were fitted with muzzle brakes but since September of 1944, it was decided that it wasn’t needed. From October of 1942 to February of 1945, 1212 Sturmhaubitze mit 10.5 cm Sturmhaubitze 42 Ausf G were produced (chassis number 91651 to unknown and 105001 to unknown). The main role of StuH 42 was to support Stug IIIs and infantry.
In 1944 and 1945, small number of Stug III Ausf Gs were converted into (75mm/105mm rounds) ammunition carriers by the removal of the gun and covering the opening with a piece of armor plate. Those vehicles were known as Munitionspanzer auf Fahrgestell Sturmgeschutz III Ausf G / Munitionpanzer Sturmgeschütz III Ausf G.

In November of 1944, there was also a project by Krupp to modify Stug III/IV and to arm it with 88mm Pak 43/3 L/71 gun but it never reached the prototype stage.

Sturmhaubitze 42 (Sd. Kfz. 142/2)

Sturmhaubitze 42 (Sd. Kfz. 142/2).
Picture provided by Eric Peytavin. SU(Samokhodnaja Ustanovka)-76i(inostranny)
and
SG(Samochodnaya Gaubitza)-122A

From 1941 to 1943, Russians captured large numbers of PzKpfw III, PzKpfw IV and Stug III (known to them as ArtSturm).Especially large number was captured at Stalingrad. Some were pressed into temporary service (e.g. being used as "Trojan Horses" or as "bait"), because of their small caliber armament and lack of ammunition.

"It is suggested to the Red Army to use such German tanks as StuG III and Pz IV due to their relability and availability of spare parts. The new German Panther and Tiger can be used until they broken down without trying to repair them. They have bad engines, transmission and suspension." - Department of Weaponry of the Red Army, late 1944.

It was then decided to convert them to assault guns designated SU-76i (inostranny - foreign). Modifications consisted of the removal of the turret and upper part of the hull in case of PzKpfw III / PzKpfw IV and the superstructure in case of Stug III, while all other components remained unchanged. Modified vehicles were mounted with welded boxy superstructures (20-30mm), making vehicle 2.38 meters high. It was fully enclosed with flush hatches and without any kind of a cupola. Command version of SU-76i was mounted with PzKpfw III/IV’s commander’s cupola. Superstructures housed 76.2mm Tank Gun S-1 (cheaper version of F-34 tank gun) in the gun mount adapted from T-34/76.Inside the superstructure there was storage space for 98 rounds. SG(Stug)-122A was very similar in design to SU-76i, but it was armed with 122mm M-30 self-propelled howitzer, mounted in totally modified frontal plate. Only small number (8-12?) of SG-122A (SU-122i) was produced. SU-76i was operated by the crew of four, who had two PPS model 1941 machine guns and twenty hand grenades for local defense. Driver used unchanged German equipment, while other equipment was of Russian origin. SU-76i weighted 22000kg and could travel at the maximum speed of 50km/h on the road. SU-76i’s road range was 180km, while cross-country was 115km. Range could be extended, since some vehicles were mounted with external tanks mounted on their engine decks.

Some 201 SU-76is were produced from March to November of 1943 at Factory #37 in Sverdlovsk.SU-76i had its debut in July of 1943 at Kursk and served in both tank and light mechanized gun regiments of the Red Army. Germans encountered first examples of SU-76i (from 177th Tank Regiment of the 64th Mechanised Brigade) in October of 1943.Some were recaptured by the Germans as Stug 76mm and pressed into service against their former users.

SU-76i

SU-76i at Lenin Prospekt Memorial at Sarny, Ukraine.

Today, SU-76i based on PzKpfw III Ausf H/J can be seen as a monument at Sarny in Ukraine. This particular vehicle was supporting the 143rd Rifle Division during their advance on Sarny on January 11th of 1944. The SU-76i attempted to cross the frozen river but ice broke and it sunk with its crew. It was discovered in 1972, recovered, renovated and placed on display at Lenin Prospekt Memorial at Sarny.Second SU-76i is on display in Moscow, Russia.
SU-76i - Gallery

Stug IV

Sturmgeschütz IV (Sd.Kfz.167) being presented to
Field Marshal Albert Kesselring (Army Group C) in Italy, 1944.

In December of 1943, Stug IV was introduced, it was essentially a slightly modified Stug III superstructure (such as extended driver’s compartment) mounted on Panzer IV chassis. From December of 1943 to March of 1945, 1139 such "hybrids" were produced by Krupp-Gruson at Magdeburg (chassis number 89324 to 89382 and 100001 to unknown). Stug IV (Sd.Kfz.167) was armed with 75mm StuK 40 L/48 gun mounted in cast "saukopf" mantlet. It was operated by 4 men crew. Majority was issued in companies to infantry divisions with few exceptions. Some source apply designation Sd.Kfz.163to Stug IV.

Tests were also carried with Stug IV with rigid mounted 75mm L/70 gun but those were never fully concluded.
In preparations for the Ardennes Offensive, number of late Stug III Ausf Gs was converted to strange looking vehicles, which suppose toresemble American vehicles. They all equipped Panzer Brigade 150 along with Ersatz M10s (PzKpfw V Panther Ausf Gs converted to resemble Gun Motor Carriage M10 tank destroyer).

Sturmgeschutz was also exportedto Germany’s allies: Romania (119 Ausf F/8 and G), Bulgaria (55 Ausf G) , Hungary (40 Ausf G), Italy (5 Ausf G), Spain (10 Ausf F/8 and G) and Finland (59 Ausf G). Stug III Ausf G was known to Romanian Army as TAS T-III (tun de asalt T-III) and remained in service until early 1950s.In Bulgaria, Stug III Ausf G was known as SO-75.

During the war, Croatia, Sweden, Portugal, Turkey and Switzerland were interested in purchasing Stug III (40)s and StuH 42s but transactions were never finalized.

After the war ended, approximately 28 Stug III Ausf Gs found their way to Syria from France, Spain and Romania and served there until 1967. Few were captured by Israelis at the Golan Heights and atleast one is on display at the Museum of Armored Forces at Latrun.

Some Stug III Ausf Gs were also used by Norway along with PzKpfw IIIs - for more info visit Norwegian Panzers article. Small number was also used by Czechoslovakia and Yugoslavia.Finnish Stug III Ausf Gs - "Sturmi"

Crew of Ps.531-10

Top Finnish Stug III Ausf G (Ps.531-10) crew.

From left on commander Borje Brotell, loader Armas Launikko, gunner Olli Soimala and driver Sulo Kauppi.Side logs can be seen in this picture. That "box" on logs is holder for spare roadwheel. Picture is taken 7.7.1944

In 1943, Finland bought 30 Stug III Ausf Gs (early model) and in the summer of 1944, another 29 Stug III Ausf Gs (middle/late model). Finish Stugs received the tactical marking Ps (Panssarivaunu - armored vehicle) 531 followed by the number of the vehicle (e.g. Ps.531-19).The crews for the first 30 Stug III Ausf Gs were trained in Germany.

Finns modified their Stugs during the battles of 1944.Modifications included the addition of three wooden logs to both sides of the superstructure,armor around the gun mantlet was reinforced with concrete, tracks were mounted onthe lower front hull and both sides of the hull along with stowage bins. The original German MG-34 machine gun was replacedwith Soviet 7.62mm DT machine gun, which was in Finnish opinion more reliable.

Crew training was very demanding and for example gunners had to write their nameson a sheet of paper hanging on a tree with a pencil attached to the gun barrel using the gun aiming wheels. Stugs equipped the Assault Gun Battalion of the Finish Armored Division.Total amount of enemy tanks destroyed by Finnish Stugs was 87 tanks, while ownlosses were 8 assault-guns. Highest score for single Stug was 11 kills by Ps.531-10 commanded by Senior SergeantBorje Brotell and gunner Corporal Olli Soimala.Borje Brotell’s Stug III Ps.531-10 is today restored and located in the home of Finnish Armour, the Armoured brigade’s garrison at Parola,near barracks of 1st Armor Company.

In post-war years, Finns modified their vehicles even further by mounting a plate cover over the driver’s visor, new headlight near the driver’s position, as well as large stowage box on the right hand side and handles. Some vehicles were mounted with additional armor plates on the hull sides behind the road wheels. Modified Stugs remained in active service with Finnish Army until 1966. After that they were used for target practice or were dug into the ground around some important airfields to serve as protection against "unwanted landings". Today a few of them are restored and preserved in museums in Finland, England and Germany.

Finnish Stug

Finnish Stug III Ausf G.
This Stug shows clearly Finnish modifications. Concrete bumps and logs are clearly visible. Note the Soviet 7.62mm DT machine gun.

Pictures provided by Antti Syrjanen, Finland.
Stugs in Armor-Museum in Parola.

Stug III Ausf G (early version)	Stug III Ausf G (middle/late version)

Ps.531-19 in action !Ps.531-19 commanded by Lieutenant Mauri Sartio destroyed 4 enemy tanks in a very short period of time. Gunner was Corporal Olof Lagus (he was a son of commander of Finnish Armour Division Ruben Lagus). On June 14th of 1944, Finns attacked to retake the village of Kuuterselkä. It was the first time when Finnish Stugs were used in action. It started near midnight (in the Summer it is not dark at night in Finland). First Stugs destroyed some machine guns and anti-tank guns. Suddenly, Sartio’s Stug saw Soviet T-34/85 just 15 meters left to their Stug. As fast as a lightning, driver turned Stug 90 degrees to the left, and Corporal Lagus fired. T-34 started to burn immediately. When it started to burn, Sartio’s crew saw numerous other soviet tanks. Young Corporal fired again and two other T-34 tanks were destroyed. Two other T-34 tanks tried to escape, but Lagus destroyed one of them and second T-34, which managed to drive 70 meters, was destroyed by other Stug. All this had taken only 1 to 2 minutes. All Soviet tanks were T-34/85 tanks and ready for action, but fast reaction of Finnish tankers spoiled their opportunity. Amount of enemy tanks destroyed by Stugs in this attack was 11 T-34/85 tanks, 2 ISU-152 assault guns, 1 IS-2 tank and 1 KV-1 tank.

Information provided by Antti Syrjanen, Finland.

Stug III Ausf G (middle/late version) numbered Ps.531-57 ("Ulla"). The museum has restored it to the colors it had and the condition it was in, when it arrived to Finland in 1944. The color of course is dark yellow and the Zimmerit-coating has been reapplied.These Stugs were not repainted in the Finnish scheme mentioned above during the summer of 1944, they only got extra protection of logs on the sides of the fighting compartment and concrete beside the main gun andoff they went to the front. Not even the German crosses were overpainted since they couldn’t be seen under the logs.

Information and pictures provided by Andreas Larka from Finland.
Visit his website at: Finnish WWII Armor.

Sturmgeschütz III Ausf G - Gallery I
Sturmgeschütz III Ausf G - Gallery II
Sturmgeschütz III Ausf G - Gallery III

Specifications

Conversions